EVALUATION OF THE ANNUAL KILLIFISH NOTHOBRANCHIUS GUENTHERI AS A TOOL FOR RAPID ACUTE TOXICITY SCREENING

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy R. Shedd ◽  
Mark W. Widder ◽  
Margaret W. Toussaint ◽  
Mark C. Sunkel ◽  
Eugene Hull
1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2258-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy R. Shedd ◽  
Mark W. Widder ◽  
Margaret W. Toussaint ◽  
Mark C. Sunkel ◽  
Eugene Hull

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Keefer ◽  
Scott J. Norton ◽  
Nicholas A.J. Boyle ◽  
Vincenzo Talesa ◽  
Guenter W. Gross

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Zitova ◽  
Maud Cross ◽  
Robert Hernan ◽  
John Davenport ◽  
Dmitri B. Papkovsky

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. da Silva ◽  
M. Taniça ◽  
J. Rocha ◽  
R. Serrano ◽  
ET Gomes ◽  
...  

Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl & Zeyh.) Robson and Maytenus senegalensis (Lam). Exell are two African medicinal plants used to treat painful and inflammatory diseases. We evaluated the in vivo (per os) anti-inflammatory activity of M. heterophylla leaf, stem and root extracts and of M. senegalensis leaf and stem extracts. Additionally, we assessed their in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicities. Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts were determined in Wistar albino rats, by the carrageenan-induced paw oedema method. Acute and sub-acute toxicity screening of the extracts was evaluated in adult male CD-6 mice. Leaf extracts of M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity (120 mg/kg, per os), reducing oedema by 51% and 35%, respectively. While M. heterophylla extracts at 1200 mg/kg have shown to be non-toxic, M. senegalensis extracts indicated some toxicity. Our results show a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis leaf extracts in a local model of acute inflammation and suggest the absence of acute and sub-acute toxicity signs of the M. heterophylla leaf extract (but not of M. senegalensis). Ongoing studies will surely shed some light into the mechanism of action of this active extract and establish its chemical fingerprint.


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Zulfiia G. Guvatova ◽  
Maria S. Fedorova ◽  
Yulia S. Vershinina ◽  
Elena A. Pudova ◽  
Anastasiya V. Lipatova ◽  
...  

Nothobranchius is a genus of small annual killifish found in Africa. Due to the relatively short lifespan, as well as easy breeding and care, Nothobranchius fish are becoming widely used as a vertebrate model system. Studying the genome and transcriptome of these fish is essential for advancing the field. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly of brain tissues from Nothobranchius guentheri using Trinity. Annotation of 104,271 potential genes (with transcripts longer than 500 bp) was carried out; for 24,967 genes (53,654 transcripts), in which at least one GO annotation was derived. We also analyzed the effect of a long-term food supplement with Torin 2, second-generation ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR, on the gene expression changes in brain tissue of adult N. guentheri. Overall, 1491 genes in females and 249 genes in males were differently expressed under Torin 2-supplemented diet. According to the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), the majority of identified genes were predominantly involved in the regulation of metabolic process, dendritic spine maintenance, circadian rhythms, retrotransposition, and immune response. Thus, we have provided the first transcriptome assembly and assessed the differential gene expression in response to exposure to Torin 2, which allow a better understanding of molecular changes in the brain tissues of adult fish in the mTOR pathway inhibition.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4240-4252
Author(s):  
Arshiya Shamim ◽  
Hefazat H Siddiqui ◽  
Tarique Mahmood ◽  
Mohd Haris Siddiqui ◽  
Paramdeep Bagga ◽  
...  

Acute and subacute toxicity screening of novel entrants in the stream of polyherbal formulations opens new doors towards the scientific approach of establishing them in the clinical market. Toxicity profiling asserts the humongous pharmacological potential that the natural herbs hold and establishes their safety profile. To exemplify this statement, this study further deals with acute and subacute toxicity studies of an olive oil-based polyherbal combination (PHC). This combination has been developed with the view that it proves to be clinically effective in diabetic cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. However, until now, the acute and subacute toxicity studies have been done on the developed PHC, and experimentally effective dose combinations have been identified. The follow-up part of this research includes the screening of the PHC against specific in vivo screening models in its initial stages. This research paper strictly summarises the acute and subacute profile of the salubrious polyherbal combination. Three herbs with strong literature background were selected: Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera and Boerrhavia diffusa; and their crude extracts were prepared. The reported ED50 values of each of these plants were selected and mixed in 5 different combinations and subjected to Acute Toxicity studies. It was followed by the 28-days subacute toxicity screening of 9 different combinations that were elucidated from the acute toxicity study results. The findings were supported with recovery group studies to conform to any late toxicity symptoms of the polyherbal combination. The findings of this study helped in reaching some pathbreaking conclusions on the polyherbal combination designed.


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